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5/8/20243 min read
Founded in 1889 as a playing card manufacturer, Nintendo has evolved into a pioneer in the gaming industry, with its handheld consoles leaving an indelible mark on portable entertainment. The journey of Nintendo’s handheld devices began in 1980 with the release of Game & Watch, a series of single-game portable systems that combined gaming with a digital clock. Designed by Gunpei Yokoi, these devices featured simple graphics and intuitive controls, making them accessible to a wide audience. Titles like Donkey Kong and Mario Bros. were among the popular games available on Game & Watch, and the series went on to sell over 43 million units worldwide. This early success laid the groundwork for Nintendo’s future in handheld gaming, proving that portable devices could deliver engaging gaming experiences.
In 1989, Nintendo revolutionized the handheld market with the launch of the Game Boy. Despite its modest specifications—including a 4.43 MHz processor and a monochrome screen that displayed only four shades of gray—the Game Boy became a cultural phenomenon. A key factor in its success was the inclusion of Tetris as a pack-in game. The addictive puzzle title appealed to players of all ages, driving sales of the console. The Game Boy’s long battery life, durable design, and an ever-expanding library of games, such as Pokémon Red and Blue, helped it dominate the handheld market for over a decade. By the time production ceased in 2003, the Game Boy line had sold more than 118 million units, solidifying Nintendo’s position as a leader in portable gaming.
The early 2000s saw Nintendo continue to innovate with the Game Boy Advance (GBA) in 2001. This 32-bit handheld featured a color screen and improved processing power, allowing for more advanced graphics and gameplay. The GBA was backward compatible with Game Boy and Game Boy Color games, giving players access to a vast library of titles. It also introduced new franchises like Golden Sun and Metroid Fusion, which showcased the console’s capabilities. With over 81 million units sold, the GBA maintained Nintendo’s dominance in the handheld space and set the stage for future innovations.
In 2004, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo DS, a dual-screen handheld that marked a major shift in portable gaming. The DS featured two screens (one of which was touch-sensitive), a microphone, and wireless connectivity, enabling new types of gameplay. Titles like Brain Age and Nintendogs appealed to a broader audience, including casual gamers and non-gamers. The DS’s unique design and diverse game library made it a massive success, with sales exceeding 154 million units worldwide. It remains one of the best-selling handheld consoles of all time.
Following the success of the DS, Nintendo launched the Nintendo 3DS in 2011. The 3DS introduced autostereoscopic 3D technology, allowing players to experience 3D graphics without the need for special glasses. It also included features like StreetPass and SpotPass for social interaction, as well as backward compatibility with DS games. Despite a slow start, the 3DS gained momentum with popular titles such as The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D and Pokémon X and Y. By the end of its lifecycle, the 3DS had sold over 75 million units, further cementing Nintendo’s legacy in handheld gaming.
In 2017, Nintendo blurred the line between handheld and home consoles with the Nintendo Switch. While not a traditional handheld, the Switch’s portable mode allowed players to take their games on the go, combining the best of both worlds. Its hybrid design, along with hit titles like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild and Animal Crossing: New Horizons, made it a global success, with sales surpassing 122 million units by 2024.
Throughout its history, Nintendo’s handheld consoles have consistently pushed the boundaries of portable gaming, focusing on innovation, accessibility, and fun. From the simple beginnings of Game & Watch to the hybrid design of the Switch, Nintendo has remained a driving force in shaping the future of handheld entertainment.